The Co-operative Store in Glenesk Road was broken into at about 3 am on Tuesday morning.
Twelve bottles of alcohol, including malt whisky and Jack Daniels, with a total value of around £250 were stolen in the raid on October 20.
Police want to identify a man seen at the store around the time.
Constable Laurie Irving said: “He is described as being about 5’ 5” tall, wearing dark jeans, dark Nike make training shoes, a dark jacket and a dark bobble hat with a white brim at the bottom.”
The break-in comes less a fortnight after the theft of four bottles of malt whisky valued at £140 from the store.
Police were keen to trace a man who visited the shop on two occasions around the time of the theft, on October 9.
And on September 6 at about 12.25 am there was another break-in at the premises.
A person dressed in dark clothing was seen at the shop, and at that time a number of scratch cards and three bottles of malt whisky and eight bottles of Jack Daniels were stolen, with a combined value of about £300.
A Police Scotland spokesman said: “We’re keeping an open mind as to whether these are all connected, but certainly there are a lot of similarities.”
A spokesperson for the Co-operative Food said: “We are fully aware of these robberies at our Langholm store and we have increased our security accordingly.”